| LEC # | TOPICS | READINGS |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction and Background | ||
| 1 | Course Organization; Spirit of the Undertaking | Feigenbaum, E. A. Knowledge Engineering: The Applied Side of Artificial Intelligence. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 1984, pp. 91-107. Newell, A. "The Knowledge Level." Artificial Intelligence Magazine (Summer 1981): 1-20+. Topolski, A. S., and D. K. Reece. "Packaging Advisortm: An Expert System for Rigid Plastic Food Package Design." In Proc Innovative Applications of AI. Edited by H. Schoor and A. Rappaport. Melo Park, CA: AAAI/MIT Press, 1989, pp. 348-357. |
| 2 | Tell it What to Know; Search | Korf, R. E. "Search: A Survey of Recent Results." In Exploring Artificial Intelligence. Edited by H. E. Shrobe. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1988, pp. 197-237. ISBN: 0934613672. ACM Computing Surveys 27, no. 3 (Sept 1995): 337-339. [An update to the previous paper.] Rowley, S., H. Shrobe, R. Cassels, and W. Hamscher. "Joshua: Uniform Access to Heterogenous Knowledge Structures (or Why Joshing is better than Conniving or Planning.)" Seattle, WA: National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI-87, 1987, pp. 48-52. Rich, C., H. E. Shrobe, and R. C. Waters. "Computer Aided Evolutionary Design for Software Engineering." MIT/AI Memo 506, Jan 1979. |
| The Spirit and Pragmatics of KBS | ||
| 3 | Origins of KBS: MACSYMA and DENDRAL | Slagel, J. R. "A Heuristic Program that Solves Symbolic Integration Problems in Freshman Calculus." In Computers and Thought. E.A Feigenbaum, J. Feldman.Cambridge, MA: AAAI Press, 1995, pp. 191-203. ISBN: 0262560925. Moses, J. "How SIN Differs from SAINT." Chapter 2 in PhD Thesis. Feigenbaum, E. A., B. G. Buchanan, and J. Lederberg. "On Generality and Problem Solving: A Case Study Using the DENDRAL Program." In Machine Intelligence 6. Edited by Meltzer, and Michie. pp. 165-189. |
| 4 | Application Analysis Case Study: Case Introduction | Sviokla, J. "Smartwave: The Wave-Soldering Expert System." Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, Harvard Business School Cases #0-187-062 and #0-187-063. |
| 5 | Application Analysis Case Study: Class Discussion | |
| 6 | Rule-Based Systems | Davis, R. "Production Rules as a Representation for a Knowledge-based Consultation Program." Artificial Intelligence Journal, no. 8 (1977): 15-45. Duda, R., J. Gaschnig, and P. Hart. "Model Design in the Prospector Consultant System for Mineral Exploration." In Expert Systems in the Microelectronic Age. Edited by Michie. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press, 1979, pp. 154-167. Campbell, A. N., V. F. Hollister, R. O. Duda, and P. E. Hart. "Recognition of a Hidden Mineral Deposit by an Artificial Intelligence Program." Science, no. 217 (Sept 3, 1982): 927-929. |
| Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Paradigms | ||
| 7 | Semantic Nets | Quillian, M. Ross. "Semantic Memory." In Semantic Information Processing. Edited by M. Minsky. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1968, pp. 227-270. MacGregor, R. "The Evolving Technology of Classification-based Knowledge Representation Systems." In Principles of Semantic Networks. Edited by J. Sowa. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1991, pp. 385-400. ISBN: 1558600884. Brachman, R., et. al. "Living with Classic: When and how to use a KL-ONE like Language." In Principles of Semantic Networks. Edited by J. Sowa. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1991, pp. 401-456. ISBN: 1558600884. |
| 8 | Logic | Sergot, et. al. "The British Nationality Act As A Logic Program." Communications of the ACM (May 1986): 370-386. Smith, D., and E. Parra. "Transformational Approach to Transportation Scheduling." In Proceedings of the 8th Knowledge-Based Software Engineering Conference. Chicago, IL.: IEEE Computer Society Press, Sept 14-17, 1993, pp. 60-68. Brachman, R., and H. Levesque. "Undirected Behavior without Unbounded Search." ACM Surveys (Sept 1995): 314-316. Ginsberg, M. L. "Epistemological and Heuristic Adequacy Revisited." ACM Computing Surveys (Sept 1995): 331-333. |
| 9 | Frame-Based Systems | Minsky, M. "A Framework for Representing Knowledge." In Readings in Knowledge Representation. Edited by R. Brachman, and H. Levesque. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, pp. 246-262. ISBN: 093461301X. Pauker, S. G., et. al. "Towards the Simulation of Clinical Cognition. Taking a Present Illness by Computer." Chapter 6 in Readings in Medical Artificial Intelligence. Edited by W. Clancey, and E. Shortliffe. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1984. ISBN: 0201108542. Miller, et al. "Internist-1, An Experimental Computer-Based Diagnostic Consultant for General Internal Medicine." In Readings in Medical Artificial Intelligence. Edited by W. Clancey, and E. Shortliffe. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1984, pp. 190-209. ISBN: 0201108542. |
| 10 | Uncertain Reasoning, Models of Rationality | Szolovits, P. "Uncertainty and Decisions in Medical Informatics." Methods of Information in Medicine 34 (1995): 111-121. Heckerman, D., and M. Wellman. "Bayesian Networks." CACM (March 1995): 27-30. Wellman, M., et. al. "From Knowledge Bases to Decision Models." Knowledge Engineering Review 7, no. 1 (1992): 35-53. Dubois, D., and H. Prade. "What does Fuzzy Logic bring to AI?" ACM Computing Surveys 27, no. 3 (Sept 1995): 328-330. Elkan, C. "The Paradoxical Success of Fuzzy Logic." The Proceedings of the AAAI (1993): 698-703, and Reply to Comments on the Paradoxical Success of Fuzzy Logic, IEEE Expert (August 1994). |
| 11 | Blackboards | Corkill, D. "Blackboard Systems." AI Expert 6, no. 9 (September 1991): 40-47. Erman, L. D., F. Hayes-Roth, V. R. Lesser, and D. R. Reddy. "The Hearsay-II Speech-Understanding System: Integrating Knowledge to Resolve Uncertainty." Computing Surveys 12, no. 2 (June 1980): 213-253. (Also appears in: Engelmore R. S., and A. M., eds. Blackboard Systems. pp. 503-518.) Nii, H. P. "The Blackboard Model of Problem Solving and the Evolution of Blackboard Architectures (Part One)." AI Magazine 7, no. 2 (Summer 1986): 38-53. ———. "Blackboard Application Systems and a Knowledge Engineering Perspective (Part Two)." AI Magazine 7, no. 2 (Summer 1986): 82-107. |
| 12 | Pragmatic Issues in Knowledge Acquisition | Cooke, N. J. "Varieties of Knowledge Elicitation Techniques." Int. J. Human-Computer Studies, no. 41 (1994): 801-849. |
| 13 | Summary of Knowledge Representation | Hayes, P. "The Logic of Frames." In Readings in Knowledge Representation. Edited by R. Brachman, and H. Levesque. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, pp. 287-296. ISBN: 093461301X. Shubert, L. "Semantic Nets are in the Eye of the Beholder." In Principles of Semantic Networks. Edited by J. Sowa. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1991, pp. 95-107. ISBN: 1558600884. Davis, R., H. Shrobe, and P. Szolovits. "What is a Knowledge Representation?" AI Magazine 14, no. 1 (Spring 1993): pp. 17-33. |
| Problem Solving Paradigms | ||
| 14 | Causal Reasoning | Patil, R. S., P. Szolovits, and W. B. Schwartz. "Causal Understanding of Patient Illness in Medical Diagnosis." In Readings in Medical Artificial Intelligence. Edited by W. Clancey, and E. Shortliffe. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1984, pp. 229-360. ISBN: 0201108542. Patil, R. S. "Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Diagnostic Reasoning." Chapter 9 in Exploring Artificial Intelligence. Edited by H. E. Shrobe. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1988. ISBN: 0934613672. Simmons, R., and R. Davis. "Generate Test Debug." International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1987, pp. 1071-1078. |
| 15 | Model-Based Reasoning | Davis, R. "Diagnostic Reasoning Based on Structure and Behavior." Artificial Intelligence Journal, no. 24 (Dec 84): 347-410. Davis, R., and W. Hamscher. "Model-Based Reasoning: Troubleshooting." Chapter 8 in Exploring Artificial Intelligence. Edited by H. E. Shrobe. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1988. ISBN: 0934613672. Hamscher, W. "Temporally Coarse Representation of Behavior for Model-Based Troubleshooting of Digital Circuits." International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Detroit, MI, 1989, pp. 887-893. |
| 16 | Case-Based Reasoning | Kolodner, J. L., and D. B. Leake. "A Tutorial Introduction to Case-Based Reasoning." In Case-Based Reasoning: Experiences, Lessons, and Future Directions. Edited by D. B. Leake. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996, pp. 31-65. ISBN: 026262110X. |
| 17 | Reasoning with Constraints | Paltrinieri, M. "On the Design of Constraint Satisfaction Problems." Second International Workshop on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (PPCP-94), 1994, pp. 299-311. Fox, M. S. "ISIS: A Retrospective." In Intelligent Scheduling. Edited by M. Zweben and M. S. Fox. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1994, pp. 3-28. ISBN: 1558602607. Kumar, V. "Algorithms for Constraint-satisfaction Problems: A Survey." AI Magazine (Spring 1992): 32-44. |
| 18 | Reasoning about Physical Systems | Forbus, K. D. "Qualitative Physics: Past, Present and Future." Chapter 7 in Exploring Artificial Intelligence. Edited by H. E. Shrobe. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1988. ISBN: 0934613672. Stahovich, T., R. Davis, and H. Shrobe. "Qualitative Rigid Body Mechanics." Proc AAAI-97, pp. 138-144. |
| Research Issues | ||
| 19 | Human Intelligence Project | |
| 20 | Common Sense | Minsky, M. "Commonsense-based Interfaces." CACM (August 2000): 67-73. Singh, Barry, and Liu. "Teaching Machines about Everyday Life." BT Technology Journal 22, no. 4 (2004): 227-240. Lieberman, Liu, Singh, and Barry. "Beating Common Sense into Interactive Applications." AI Magazine 25, no. 4 (Winter 2004): 63-76. |
| 21 | Learning | |
| 22 | Ontologies and Data Mining | Uschold, and Gruninger. "Ontologies: Principles, Methods and Applications." The Knowledge Engineering Review (1996): 93-136. Noy, and Hafner. "The State of the Art in Ontology Design." AI Magazine (Fall 1997): 53-74. Hovy, E. H., and K. Knight. "Motivation for Shared Ontologies: An Example from the Pangloss Collaboration." Proceedings of the Workshop on Knowledge Sharing and Information Interchange, IJCAI-93, Chambery, France. Gruber, and Olsen. "An Ontology for Engineering Mathematics." Stanford KSL Report 94-18. Stanford University, 1994. |
| Project Presentations | ||
| 23 | Project Presentations and Discussion | |
| 24 | Project Presentations and Discussion (cont.) | |
| 25 | Project Presentations and Discussion (cont.) | |
| 26 | Project Presentations and Discussion (cont.) | |
Table of Contents
Study Materials
Readings
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