Laboratory Manual
I. The Power Of Metal In The Andean World
A. Introduction (PDF)
i. Specimen A
ii. Specimen B
iii. Specimen CB. Exercises
i. Protocols
a. Direct Reduction Smelting of Copper Oxide Ore (PDF)
b. Lost-Wax Casting of Copper-Silver Alloy Bar Ingots (PDF)
c. Casting and Working Copper-Silver Alloys (PDF)ii. Specimens
a. Ecuador
1. Axe
2. Button ring
3. Tumi knife
4. Needle
5. Axe money
6. Nose ring 1b. Columbia
1. Nose ring 2
2. Nose ring 3iii. Examinations of Metallic Microstructures
a. Castings (PDF)
b. Worked Metal (PDF)
c. Archaeological Artifacts from Ecuador and Columbia (PDF)
II. The Metallographic Examination of Archaeological Artifacts (PDF)
Periodic Table of the Elements (PDF)