Table of Contents
Study Materials
Study Materials
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In addition to the bibliography of related readings below, also see the readings section for the required readings by class session.
Carroll, Berenice A., Clinton F. Fink, and Jane E. Mohraz. Peace and War: A Guide to Bibliographies. Foreword by Michael Keresztesi. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio, 1983.
- World Politics
- International Studies Quarterly
- International Security
- Journal of Peace Research
- Journal of Conflict Resolution
- Peace Studies
- Peace Research
- Peace and Change
- International Organization
- Security Studies
- Journal of Strategic Studies
Cashman, Greg. What Causes War? An Introduction to Theories of International Conflict. New York, NY: Lexington Books, 1993.
Waltz, Kenneth N. Man, the State, and War. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1965. ISBN: 9780231085649.
Waltz, Kenneth N. "The Origins of War." In American Defense Policy. 5th ed. Edited by John F. Reichert and Steven R. Sturm. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982, pp. 8-18. ISBN: 9780801827587.This classic began as a propositional inventory.
Rotberg, Robert I., and Theodore K. Rabb, eds. The Origins and Prevention of Major Wars. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
Falk, Richard A., and Samuel S. Kim. The War System: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1980.
Midlarsky, Manus I., ed. Handbook of War Studies. Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman, 1989.
Bramson, Leon, and George W. Goethals, eds. War: Studies from Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology. Revised ed. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1968.
Vasquez, John A., and Marie T. Henehan, eds. The Scientific Study of Peace and War: A Text Reader. New York, NY: Lexington, 1992.
Kegley, Charles W., Jr., ed. The Long Postwar Peace: Contending Explanations and Predictions. New York, NY: Harper Collins, 1991.
Kagan, Donald. On the Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace. New York, NY: Doubleday, 1994.
Gaddis, John Lewis. "International Relations Theory and the End of the Cold War." In The Cold War and After: Prospects for Peace. Expanded ed. Edited by Sean M. Lynn-Jones and Steven E. Miller. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993, pp. 323-388. ISBN: 9780262620888.
Mueller, John. Quiet Cataclysm: Reflections on the Recent Transformation of World Politics. New York, NY: Harper Collins, 1995.
Brown, Seyom. The Causes and Prevention of War. 2nd ed. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1994.
Nelson, Keith, and Spencer C. Olin, Jr. Why War? Ideology, Theory, and History. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1979.
Singer, J. David, and Paul F. Diehl, eds. Measuring the Correlates of War. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1990.
Hinsley, F. H. Power and the Pursuit of Peace. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1967.
Art, Robert J., and Kenneth N. Waltz, eds. The Use of Force. 4th ed. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1999. ISBN: 9780847695546.
Blanning, T. C. W. The Origins of the French Revolutionary Wars. London, UK: Longman, 1986, pp. 1-35. ISBN: 9780582490512.
Brodie, Bernard. War and Politics. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1973, pp. 276-340.
Kahn, Herman. On Thermonuclear War. 2nd ed. Foreword by Klaus Knorr. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1978, pp. 226-255. ISBN: 9780313200601.
Dougherty, James E., and Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, Jr. Contending Theories of International Relations: A Comprehensive Survey. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Harper Collins, 1990. (Parts.)
Kurtz, Lester, ed. Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict. 3 vols. San Diego: Academic Press, 1999. ISBN:9780122270109.
Gaddis, John Lewis. "The Long Peace: Elements of Stability in the Postwar International System." In The Cold War and After: Prospects for Peace. Expanded ed. Edited by Sean M. Lynn-Jones and Steven E. Miller. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993, pp. 1-44. ISBN: 9780262620888.
Schelling, Thomas C. Arms and Influence. New Haven, CT: Yale, 1966.
Schelling, Thomas, and Morton Halperin. Strategy and Arms Control. New York, NY: Twentieth Century Fund, 1961.
Glaser, Charles L. Analyzing Strategic Nuclear Policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990.
Quester, George H. Offense and Defense in the International System. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1977.
Lynn-Jones, Sean M. "Offense-Defense Theory and its Critics." Security Studies 4, no. 4 (Summer 1995): 660-694.
Borg, Marlies Ter. "Reducing Offensive Capabilities--the Attempt of 1932." Journal of Peace Research 29, no. 2 (1992): 145-160.
Boggs, Marion W. "Attempts to Define and Limit 'Aggressive' Armament in Diplomacy and Strategy." University of Missouri Studies 16, no. 1 (Columbia: University of Missouri, 1941).
Liddell-Hart, B. H. "Aggression and the Problem of Weapons." English Review 55 (July 1932): 71-78.
Møller, Bjørn. Common Security and Nonoffensive Defense: A Neorealist Perspective. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1992.
Møller, Bjørn, and Hakan Wiberg. Non-Offensive Defense for the Twenty-First Century. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1994.
Conetta, Carl, Charles Knight, and Lutz Unterseher. "Toward Defensive Restructuring in the Middle East." Bulletin of Peace Proposals 22, no. 2 (1991): 115-134.
Posen, Barry R. "Inadvertent Nuclear War? Escalation and NATO's Northern Flank." International Security 7, no. 2 (Fall 1982): 28-54.
Møller, Bjørn. "Bibliography of Non-Offensive Defense." In NOD International Research Newsletter. Copenhagen: Centre of Peace and Conflict Research, University of Copenhagen, 1987, pp. 1-123.
Jack S. Levy, "The Offensive/Defensive Balance of Military Technology: A Theoretical and Historical Analysis." International Studies Quarterly 28, no. 2 (June 1984): 219-238.
Glaser, Charles L. "Political Consequences of Military Strategy: Expanding and Refining the Spiral and Deterrence Models." World Politics 44, no. 4 (July 1992): 497-538.
Reiter, Dan. "Exploding the Powder Keg Myth: Preemptive Wars Almost Never Happen." International Security 20, no. 2 (Fall 1995): 5-34.
Levy, Jack S. "Declining Power and the Preventive Motivation for War." World Politics 40, no. 1 (October 1987): 82-107.
Windows of opportunity and vulnerability as causes of war.
Jervis, Robert. The Meaning of the Nuclear Revolution. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1980.
Sagan, Scott D., and Kenneth N. Waltz. The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate. New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 1995.
Waltz, Kenneth N. "The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: More May Be Better." Adelphi Papers, no. 171 (London, UK: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1981).
Brodie, Bernard, ed. The Absolute Weapon. New York, NY: Harcourt and Brace, 1946.
Organski, A. F. K., and Jacek Kugler. The War Ledger. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1980.
Waltz, Kenneth N. "The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory." In The Origins and Prevention of Major Wars. Edited by Robert I. Rotberg and Theodore K. Rabb. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp. 39-52. ISBN: 9780521379557.
Gilpin, Robert. "The Theory of Hegemonic War." In The Origins and Prevention of Major Wars. Edited by Robert I. Rotberg and Theodore K. Rabb. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp. 15-38. ISBN: 9780521379557.
Houweling, H., and J. Siccama. "Power Transitions as a Cause of War." Journal of Conflict Resolution 32, no. 1 (March 1988): 87-102.
Levy, Jack S. "Long Cycles, Hegemonic Transitions, and the Long Peace." In The Long Postwar Peace: Contending Explanations and Predictions. Edited by Charles W. Kegley, Jr. New York, NY: Harper Collins, 1990, pp. 147-176. ISBN: 9780673460936.
Smith, Michael Joseph. Realist Thought from Weber to Kissinger. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1986.
Keohane, Robert O., ed. Neorealism and its Critics. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1986.
Mearsheimer, John J. "The False Promise of International Institutions." International Security 19, no. 3 (Winter 1994/95): 5-49.
Baldwin, David A., ed. Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1993.
Brown, Michael E., Sean M. Lynn-Jones, and Steven E. Miller, eds. The Perils of Anarchy: Contemporary Realism and International Security. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995. ISBN: 9780262522021.
Mesquita, Bruce Bueno de. The War Trap. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1981.
Mesquita, Bruce Bueno de, and David Lalman. War and Reason: Domestic and International Imperatives. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992.
Robert Jervis, "War and Misperception." In The Origins and Prevention of Major Wars. Edited by Robert I. Rotberg and Theodore K. Rabb. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp. 101-126. ISBN: 9780521379557.
Janis, Irving L. Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1982.
Snyder, Jack. Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and International Ambition. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
Janis, Irving L., and Leon Mann. Decision Making: A Psychological Analysis of Conflict, Chaos, and Commitments. New York, NY: Free Press, 1977.
Larson, Deborah Welch. Origins of Containment: A Psychological Explanation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985.
Vertzberger, Yaacov Y. I. The World In Their Minds: Information Processing, Cognition, and Perception in Foreign Policy Decisionmaking. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990.
May, Ernest R. "Lessons" of the Past: The Use and Misuse of History in American Foreign Policy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1973.
Fearon, James D. "Rationalist Explanations for War." International Organization 49, no. 3 (Summer 1995): 379-414 at 390-401.
Berghahn, Volker R. Militarism: The History of an International Debate 1861-1979. New York, NY: St. Martins, 1982.
Bucholz, Arden. "Militarism." In Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict. 3 vols. Edited by Lester Kurtz. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1999, pp. 2:423-433. ISBN: 0122270126.
Burk, James. "Military Culture." In Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict. 3 vols. Edited by Lester Kurtz. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1999, pp. 2:447-462. ISBN: 0122270126.
McLauchlan, Gregory. "Military-Industrial Complex, Contemporary Significance." In Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict. 3 vols. Edited by Lester Kurtz. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1999, pp. 2:475-486. ISBN: 0122270126.
Vagts, Alfred. A History of Militarism: Civilian and Military. Revised ed. New York, NY: Free Press, 1959.
Rourke, Francis E. Bureaucracy and Foreign Policy. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972, pp. 18-40. ISBN: 0810813999.
Vagts, Alfred. Defense and Diplomacy. New York, NY: Kings Crown, 1956, pp. 263-377, 477-490.
Cobden, Richard, ed. "The Three Panics." In Political Writings of Richard Cobden. London, UK, 1887.
Heise, Juergen Arthur. Minimum Disclosure: How the Pentagon Manipulates the News. New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 1979.
Shearer, Derek. "The Pentagon Propaganda Machine." In The Pentagon Watchers. Edited by Leonard Rodberg and Derek Shearer. New York, NY: Anchor, 1970, pp. 99-142.
Brodie, Bernard. War and Politics. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1973, pp. 479-496.
See also representative writings on war and international affairs by:
Military officers, e.g., Friedrich von Bernhardi, Ferdinand Foch, Giulio Douhet, Nathan Twining, Thomas Powers, and Curtis LeMay.
Snyder, Louis L. Encyclopedia of Nationalism. New York, NY: Paragon House, 1990.
Smith, Anthony D. Theories of Nationalism. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Harper & Row, 1983.
Gellner, Ernest. Nations and Nationalism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1983.
Smith, Anthony D. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986.
Hobsbawm, E. J. Nations and Nationalism Since 1780. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Revised ed. London, UK: Verso, 1991.
Greenfeld, Liah. Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.
Van Evera, Stephen. "Hypotheses on Nationalism and War." International Security 18, no. 4 (Spring 1994): 5-39.
Posen, Barry R. "Nationalism, the Mass Army, and Military Power." International Security 18, no. 2 (Fall 1993): 80-124.
Kennedy, Paul M. "The Decline of Nationalistic History in the West, 1900-1970." Journal of Contemporary History 8, no. 1 (January 1973): 77-100.
Shafer, Boyd C. Faces of Nationalism. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972.
Hayes, Carlton J. H. "The Propagation of Nationalism." In Essays on Nationalism. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1926, pp. 61-92.
Dance, E. H. History the Betrayer: A Study in Bias. London, UK: Hutchinson, 1960.
Fitzgerald, Frances. America Revised: History Schoolbooks in the Twentieth Century. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1979.
Lewis, Bernard. History: Remembered, Recovered, Invented. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975.
Zinn, Howard. The Politics of History. Boston, MA: Beacon, 1970, pp. 5-34, 288-319. ISBN: 9780807054505.
Halperin, Morton H. Bureaucratic Politics and Foreign Policy. Washington, DC: Brookings, 1974, pp. 26-62.
———. "Why Bureaucrats Play Games." Foreign Policy no. 2 (Spring 1971): 70-90.
Selznick, Philip. Leadership in Administration: A Sociological Interpretation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1984.
Posen, Barry R. The Sources of Military Doctrine: Britain, France, and Germany Between the World Wars. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1984.
Sagan, Scott D. The Limits of Safety: Organizations, Accidents and Nuclear Weapons. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.
Levy, Jack S. "Organizational Routines and the Causes of War." International Studies Quarterly 30, no. 2 (June 1986): 193-222.
Allison, Graham. Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1971. ISBN: 0321013492.
A condensation is:
Allison, Graham. "Conceptual Models of the Cuban Missile Crisis." In American Foreign Policy: Theoretical Essays. Edited by G. John Ikenberry. New York, NY: Harper Collins, 1989, pp. 332-378. ISBN: 0673398153.
Dougherty James E., and Robert L. Pfaltzgraff. Contending Theories of International Relations. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, 1971, pp. 274-288. ISBN: 0397472374.
Waltz. Man, the State, and War. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1965, pp. 16-79. ISBN: 9780231085649.
Brown, Seyom. The Causes and Prevention of War. 2nd ed. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1987, pp. 9-15. ISBN: 9780312125325.
Kim, Samuel S. "The Lorenzian Theory of Aggression and Peace Research: A Critique." In The War System: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Edited by Richard A. Falk and Samuel S. Kim. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1980, pp. 82-115. ISBN: 9780865310421.
Somit, Albert. "Humans, Chimps, and Bonobos: The Biological Bases of Aggression, War, and Peacemaking." Journal of Conflict Resolution 34, no. 3 (September 1990): 553-582.
James, William. "The Moral Equivalent of War" (pp. 21-31); William McDougall, "The Instinct of Pugnacity" (pp. 33-43); Sigmund Freud, "Why War?" (pp. 71-80); and Margaret Mead, "Warfare is Only an Invention, Not a Biological Necessity" (pp. 269-274). In Bramson and Goethals, War.
Goldstein, Joshua S. War and Gender. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Forcey, Linda Rennie. "Feminist and Peace Perspectives on Women." In Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict. 3 vols. Edited by Lester Kurtz. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1999, pp. 2:13-20. ISBN: 0122270126.
Turpin, Jennifer. "Women and War." In ibid. pp. 3:801-813. ISBN: 0122270134.
Tessler, Mark, Jodi Nachtwey, and Audra Grant. "Further Tests of the Women and Peace Hypothesis: Evidence from Cross-National Survey Research in the Middle East." International Studied Quarterly 43, no. 3 (September 1999): 519-532.
Zalewski, Marysia, and Jane Parpart, eds. The "Man" Question in International Relations. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1997.
Hunter, Anne E., ed. On Peace, War, and Gender: A Challenge to Genetic Explanations. New York, NY: The Feminist Press, 1991.
Held, Virginia. "Gender as an Influence on Cultural Norms Relating to War and the Environment." In Cultural Norms, War and the Environment. Edited by Arthur H. Westing. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1988, pp. 44-51.
Cohn, Carol. "Sex and Death in the Rational World of Defense Intellectuals." Center for Psychological Studies in the Nuclear Age, 1987, pp. 1-33.
Ruddick, Sara. Maternal Thinking: Toward a Politics of Peace. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1995.
Ehrenreich, Barbara, Katha Pollitt, et. al. "Fukuyama's Follies." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 1 (January/February 1999): 118-129.
Levy, Jack S. "Domestic Politics and War." In The Origins and Prevention of Major Wars. Edited by Robert I. Rotberg and Theodore K. Rabb. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp. 79-100.
Gleditsch, Nils Petter. "Peace and Democracy." In Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict. 3 vols. Edited by Lester Kurtz. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1999, pp. 2:643-652. ISBN: 0122270126.
Brown, Michael E., Sean M. Lynn-Jones, and Steven E. Miller, eds. Debating the Democratic Peace: An International Security Reader. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996. ISBN: 9780262522137.
Ray, James Lee. Democracy and International Conflict: An Evaluation of the Democratic Peace Proposition. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1995.
Russett, Bruce, with William Anholis, Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, and Zeev Maoz. Grasping the Democratic Peace: Principles for a Post-Cold War World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.
Ember, Carol R., Melvin Ember, and Bruce Russett. "Peace Between Participatory Polities: A Cross-Cultural Test of the 'Democracies Rarely Fight Each Other' Hypothesis." World Politics 44, no. 4 (June 1992): 573-599.
Maoz Zeev, and Bruce Russett. "Normative and Structural Causes of Democratic Peace, 1946-1986." American Political Science Review 87, no. 3 (September 1993): 624-638.
Maoz, Zeev, and Nasrin Abdolali, "Regime Types and International Conflict, 1816-1976." Journal of Conflict Resolution 33, no. 1 (March 1989): 3-35.
Chan, Steve. "Mirror, Mirror on the Wall... Are the Freer Countries More Pacific?" Journal of Conflict Resolution 28, no. 4 (December 1984): 617-648.
Weede, Erich. "Democracy and War Involvement." Journal of Conflict Resolution 28, no. 4 (December 1984): 649-664.
Layne, Christopher. "Kant or Cant: The Myth of the Democratic Peace." International Security 19, no. 2 (Fall 1994): 5-49.
Spiro, David E. "The Insignificance of the Liberal Peace." International Security 19, no. 2 (Fall 1994): 50-86.
Owen, John M. "How Liberalism Produces Democratic Peace." International Security 19, no. 2 (Fall 1994): 87-125.
Mansfield, Edward D., and Jack Snyder. "Democratization and the Danger of War." International Security 20, no. 1 (Summer 1995): 5-38.
———. "Democratization and War." Foreign Affairs 74, no. 3 (May/June 1995): 79-97.
Andreski, Stanislav. "On the Peaceful Disposition of Military Dictatorships." Journal of Strategic Studies 3, no. 3 (December 1980): 3-10.
Cashman. What Causes War? pp. 172-184.
Sample, Susan G. "Arms Races and Dispute Escalation: Resolving the Debate?" Journal of Peace Research 34, no. 1 (February 1997): 7-22.
Huntington, Samuel P. "Arms Races: Prerequisites and Results." In The Use of Force. 3rd ed. Edited by Robert J. Art and Kenneth N. Waltz. New York, NY: University Press of America, 1988, pp. 637-670. ISBN: 9780819170033.
Kennedy, Paul. "Strategic Aspects of the Anglo-German Naval Race," and "Arms Races and the Causes of War, 1850-1945." Chapters 5 and 6 in Strategy and Diplomacy 1870-1945. London, UK: Fontana, 1984, pp. 127-160, 163-178. ISBN: 0006366236.
Freedman, David Noel, and Michael J. McClymond. "Religious Traditions, Violence, and Nonviolence." In Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict. 3 vols. Edited by Lester Kurtz. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1999, pp. 3:229-239. ISBN: 0122270134.
A survey of the problem of religion and war.
Henderson, Errol A. "Civil Wars." In Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict. 3 vols. Edited by Lester Kurtz. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1999, pp. 1:279-288. ISBN: 9780122270109.
———. "Ethnic Conflict and Cooperation." In Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict. 3 vols. Edited by Lester Kurtz. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1999, pp. 1:751-764. ISBN: 9780122270109.
Sisk, Timothy D. Power Sharing and International Mediation in Ethnic Conflicts. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 1996.
Montville, Joseph V., ed. Conflict and Peacemaking in Multiethnic Societies. New York, NY: Lexington Books, 1991.
Byman, Daniel L. "Rethinking Partition: Lessons from Iraq and Lebanon." Security Studies 7, no. 1 (Autumn 1997): 1-32.
Kumar, Radha. "The Troubled History of Partition." Foreign Affairs 76, no. 1 (January/February 1997): 22-34.
Chickering, Roger. Imperial Germany and a World Without War: The Peace Movement and German Society, 1892-1914. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975.
Ceadel, Martin. The Origins of War Prevention: The British Peace Movement and International Relations, 1730-1845. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1996.
George, Alexander L., ed. "Strategies for Crisis Management" (pp. 377-394); "A Provisional Theory of Crisis Management" (pp. 22-27); "Findings and Recommendations" (pp. 545-566). In Avoiding War: Problems of Crisis Management. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1991. ISBN: 9780813312330.
Fisher, Roger, and William Ury. Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1981.
Fisher, Roger. International Conflict for Beginners. New York, NY: Harper & Row, 1969.
Iklé, Fred Charles. How Nations Negotiate. Millwood, NY: Kraus Reprint, 1982, first pub. 1964.
George, Alexander L. Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 1991.
Cohen, Raymond. "The Rules of the Game in International Politics." International Studies Quarterly 24, no. 1 (March 1980): 129-50.
Nicolson, Harold. Diplomacy. London, UK: Oxford University Press, 1964.
Bercovitch, Jacob, and David Wells. "Evaluating Mediation Strategies: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis." Peace and Change 18, no. 1 (January 1993): 3-25.
And works cited therein.
Princen, Thomas. Intermediaries in International Conflict. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995.
Collier, David. "The Comparative Method." In Political Science: The State of the Discipline. 2nd ed. Edited by Ada W. Finifter. Washington, DC: American Political Science Association, 1993, pp. 105-120. ISBN: 9781878147080.
Yin, Robert K. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1994.
George, Alexander. "Case Studies and Theory Development: The Method of Structured, Focused Comparison." In Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory, and Policy. Edited by Paul Gordon Lauren. New York, NY: Free Press, 1979, pp. 43-68. ISBN: 9780029180709.
Eckstein, Harry. "Case Study and Theory in Political Science." In Handbook of Political Science. Vol. 7, Strategies of Inquiry. Edited by Fred I. Greenstein and Nelson W. Polsby. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1975, pp. 79-137. ISBN: 9780201026016.
King, Gary, Robert O. Keohane, and Sidney Verba. Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.
Rogowski, Ronald. "The Role of Scientific Theory and Anomaly in Social-Scientific Inference." American Political Science Review 89, no. 2 (June 1995): 467-470.
Skocpol, Theda. States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China. London, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1979, pp. 33-42. ISBN: 9780521224390.
Förster, Jürgen, David French, David Stevenson, and Russel Van Wyk, eds. War and Society Newsletter: A Bibliographical Survey. Munich: Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt, annual since 1973.
This source lists articles and book chapters relevant to international relations and war.
Palmer, Robert R., and Joel Colton. A History of the Modern World. 7th ed. New York, NY: Knopf, 1991.
Gay, Peter, and R. K. Webb. Modern Europe. New York, NY: Harper & Row, 1973.
Ropp, Theodore. War in the Modern World. New York, NY: Collier, 1962.
See Palmer and Colton's extensive bibliography for more sources.
Taylor, A. J. P. Struggle for Mastery in Europe, 1848-1914. London, UK: Oxford, 1971.
Joll, James. Europe Since 1870: An International History. 4th ed. London, UK: Penguin, 1990.
Hayes, Carlton J. H. Contemporary Europe Since 1870. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1962.
Albrecht-Carrie, Rene. A Diplomatic History of Europe Since the Congress of Vienna. Revised ed. New York, NY: Harper & Row, 1973.
Also pertinent are the relevant books in four series of general histories:
- The "Langer" series, published by Harper Torchbooks, 15-odd volumes covering western history since 1200, under the general editorship of William Langer (e.g. Raymond Sontag, A Broken World, 1919-1939).
- The Longman's "General History of Europe" series, covering western history since Roman times, published by Longman, under the general editorship of Denys Hays (e.g. J. M. Roberts, Europe 1880-1945).
- The Fontana "History of Europe" series, published by Fontana/Collins, covering history since the middle ages, under the general editorship of J.H. Plumb (e.g. J. A. S. Grenville, Europe Reshaped, 1848-78).
- The "New Cambridge Modern History" and "Cambridge Ancient History" series, covering western history from the beginning.
An overview:
Anderson, Fred. Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.
On the Franco-British conflict in the Seven Years War:
Schweizer, Karl. "The Seven Years' War: A Systemic Perspective." In The Origins of War in Early Modern Europe. Edited by Jeremy Black. Edinburgh, UK: J. Donald, 1987, pp. 242-260. ISBN: 9780859761680.
On the Prussian-Austrian-Russian-French war of 1756 accounts include:
Reiners, Ludwig, Frederick the Great, A Biography. New York, NY: Putnam, 1960, pp. 89-121, 147-164.
Ritter, Gerhard. Frederick the Great: A Historical Profile. Berkeley, CA: University of California, 1975, pp. 73-148. ISBN: 9780520027756.
Gaxotte, Pierre. Frederick the Great. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1942, pp. 175-229, 303-342.
Goldfrank, David M. The Origins of the Crimean War. New York, NY: Longman, 1994.
Rich, Norman. Why the Crimean War? A Cautionary Tale. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1985.
Palmer, Alan. The Banner of Battle: The Story of the Crimean War. New York, NY: St. Martin's, 1987.
Coppa, Frank J. The Origins of the Italian Wars of Independence. New York, NY: Longman, 1992.
Carr, William. The Origins of the Wars of German Reunification. White Plains, NY: Longman, 1991.
Smoke, Richard. War: Controlling Escalation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978, pp. 80-146. ISBN: 9780674945951.
Craig, Gordon. The Politics of the Prussian Army, 1640-1945. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1964, pp. 180-216. ISBN: 9780195002577.
Basic histories include:
Joll, James. The Origins of the First World War. New York, NY: Longman, 1984.
Berghahn, V. R. Germany and the Approach of War in 1914. London, UK: Macmillan, 1973.
Lieven, D. C. B. Russia and the Origins of the First World War. New York, NY: St. Martin's, 1983.
Steiner, Zara S. Britain and the Origins of the First World War. New York, NY: St. Martin's, 1977.
Tuchman, Barbara. The Guns of August. New York, NY: Dell, 1962.
Turner, L. C. F. Origins of the First World War. London, UK: Arnold, 1970.
Geiss, Imanuel. German Foreign Policy 1871-1914. London, UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976.
Surveys of debates about the war's origins are:
Langdon, John W. July 1914: The Long Debate, 1918-1990. New York, NY: St. Martin's, 1991.
Moses, John A. The Politics of Illusion: The Fischer Controversy In German Historiography. London, UK: George Prior, 1975.
Ferguson, Niall. "Germany and the Origins of the First World War: New Perspectives." Historical Journal 35 (September 1992): 725-52.
Kaiser, David E. "Germany and the Origins of the First World War." Journal of Modern History 55, no. 3 (September 1983): 442-474.
Other sources on the origins of the war include:
Fischer, Fritz. War of Illusions. New York, NY: Norton, 1975.
The full statement of the Fischer school case.
Albertini, Luigi. The Origins of the War of 1914. 3 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1980 reprint of 1952-1957 edition.
Albertini is chaotic, but essential reading for those researching World War I.
Schmitt, Bernadotte E. The Coming of the War: 1914. 2 vols. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1930.
Still very worthwhile.
Geiss, Imanuel, ed. July 1914: The Outbreak of the First World War: Selected Documents. New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 1967.
An excellent collection of documents.
Jarausch, Konrad H. The Enigmatic Chancellor: Bethmann Hollweg and the Hubris of Imperial Germany. New Haven: Yale, 1973.
Herwig, Holger H., ed. The Outbreak of World War I: Causes and Responsibilities. 5th ed., rev. Lexington, MA: DC Heath, 1991.
Contemporary descriptions of the political climate in Germany are:
Thayer, William Roscoe, ed. Out Of Their Own Mouths. New York, NY: Appleton, 1917.
Notestein, Wallace, ed. Conquest and Kultur: Aims of Germans in Their Own Words. Washington, DC: Committee on Public Information, 1917.
Bang, J. P. Hurrah and Hallelujah: The Teaching of Germany's Prophets, Professors and Preachers. New York, NY: Doran, 1917.
Archer, William, ed. 501 Gems of German Thought. London, UK: T. Fisher Unwin, 1916.
Other works on themes pertinent to this course include:
Röhl, John C. G. The Kaiser and his Court: Wilhelm II and the Government of Germany. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 162-190. ISBN: 9780521402231. (On the "war council" of December 8, 1912 and related matters.)
Kohn, Hans. The Mind of Germany. New York, NY: Scribner's, 1960, pp. 251-305.
Snyder, Louis L. From Bismarck to Hitler. Williamsport: Bayard, 1935.
McClelland, Charles. The German Historians and England. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1971, pp. 168-235. ISBN: 9780521080637.
Guilland, Antoine. Germany and Her Historians. New York, NY: McBride, Nast, 1915.
Moses, John A. "Pan-Germanism and the German Professors 1914-1918." Australian Journal of Politics & History 15, no. 3 (December 1969): 45-60.
Clarke, I. F. Voices Prophesying War. London, UK: Oxford, 1966.
Mommsen, Wolfgang J. "Nationalism, Imperialism and Official Press Policy in Wilhelmine Germany 1850-1914." In Collection de l'Ecole Francaise de Rome, Opinion Publique et Politique Exterieure I 1870-1915. Milano: Universita de Milano/Ecole Francaise de Rome, 1981, pp. 367-383. ISBN: 9782728300327.
Hayes, Carleton J. H. France: A Nation of Patriots. New York, NY: Octagon, 1974.
Snyder, Jack. The Ideology of the Offensive: Military Decision Making and the Disasters of 1914. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1984.
Craig, Gordon. The Politics of the Prussian Army, 1640-1945. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1964, pp. 217-341. ISBN: 9780195002577.
Coetzee, Marilyn Shevin. The German Army League: Popular Nationalism in Wilhelmine Germany. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Hull, Isabel. The Military Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II 1888-1918. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Willems, Emilio. A Way of Life and Death: Three Centuries of Prussian-German Militarism: An Anthropological Approach. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 1986.
Travers, Tim. The Killing Ground: The British Army, The Western Front and the Emergence of Modern Warfare, 1900-1918. Boston, MA: Allen & Unwin, 1987.
Travers, T. H. E. "Technology, Tactics and Morale: Jean de Bloch, the Boer War, and British Military Theory, 1900-1914." Journal of Modern History 51 (June 1979): 264-286.
Ritter, Gerhard. The Schlieffen Plan: Critique of a Myth. London, UK: Wolff, 1958.
———. The Sword and the Scepter: The Problem of Militarism in Germany. 4 vols. Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami Press, 1969-73.
Copeland, Dale C. The Origins of Major War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000, pp. 56-117.
Kennedy, Paul M., ed. The War Plans of the Great Powers, 1880-1914. London, UK: George Allen & Unwin, 1979.
Trachtenberg, Marc. "The Meaning of Mobilization in 1914." International Security 15, no. 3 (Winter 1990/91): 120-150.
Taylor, A. J. P. War By Time-Table. London, UK, 1969.
Luvaas, Jay. The Military Legacy of the Civil War: The European Inheritance. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1959.
Gordon, Michael R. "Domestic Conflict and the Origins of the First World War: The British and German Cases." Journal of Modern History 46, no. 2 (June 1974): 191-226.
Brodie, Bernard. War and Politics. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1973, pp. 1-28.
Knightley, Phillip. The First Casualty: from the Crimea to Vietnam. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace, 1976, pp. 80-112. ISBN: 9780156311304. (On wartime press coverage.)
Readable accounts of the war itself include:
Taylor, A. J. P. The First World War. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1966.
Gilbert, Martin. The First World War. New York, NY: Henry Holt, 1994.
On Versailles an introduction is:
Sharp, Alan. The Versailles Settlement: Peacemaking in Paris, 1919. New York, NY: St. Martin's, 1991.
Bell, P. M. H. The Origins of the Second World War in Europe. New York, NY: Longman, 1986.
Sontag, Raymond J. A Broken World 1919-1939. New York, NY: Harper & Row, 1973.
Carr, E. H. International Relations Between the Two World Wars. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1947.
Rich, Norman. Hitler's War Aims. New York, NY: Norton, 1973.
Jäckel, Eberhard. Hitler's Worldview: A Blueprint for Power. Translated by Herbert Arnold. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981.
———. Hitler in History. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1984.
Spielvogel, Jackson J. Hitler and Nazi Germany: A History. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1995. ISBN: 9780131924697.
Shirer, William L. Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1960.
Stark, Gary D. Entrepreneurs of Ideology: Neoconservative Publishers in Germany, 1890-1933. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1980.
Weinreich, Max. Hitler's Professors. New York, NY: Yiddish Scientific Institute, 1946.
Kohn, Hans. The Mind of Germany. New York, NY: Scribner's, 1960.
Bartov, Omer. Hitler's Army: Soldiers, Nazis, and the War in the Third Reich. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Evans, Richard J. In Hitler's Shadow: West German Historians and the Attempt to Escape from the Nazi Past. New York, NY: Pantheon, 1989.
Baldwin, Peter, ed. "The Historikerstreit in Context." In Reworking the Past: Hitler, the Holocaust and the Historian's Debate. Boston, MA: Beacon, 1990, pp. 3-37.
Smith, Denis Mack. Mussolini's Roman Empire. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1977.
Zentner, Christian, and Friedemann Bedurftig, eds. The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. Translated by Amy Hackett. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1991.
Edelheit, Hershel, and Abraham J. Edelheit. A World In Turmoil: An Integrated Chronology of the Holocaust and World War II. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1991.
Taylor, A. J. P. The Second World War. London, UK: Hamilton Hamish, 1975.
Kershaw, Ian. Hitler, 1889-1936: Hubris. New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 1999.
Berman, Sheri. The Social Democratic Moment: Ideas and Politics in the Making of Interwar Europe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.
Barnhart, Michael A. "The Origins of the Second World War in Asia and the Pacific: Synthesis Impossible?" Diplomatic History 20, no. 2 (Spring 1996): 241-260.
Butow, Robert J. C. Tojo and the Coming of the War. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1960.
Neumann, William L. America Encounters Japan. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins, 1963, pp. 184-289.
Schroeder, Paul W. The Axis Alliance and Japanese-American Relations, 1941. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1958.
Ienaga, Saburo. The Pacific War, 1931-1945. New York, NY: Pantheon, 1978.
Pelz, Stephen E. Race to Pearl Harbor: The Failure of the Second London Naval Conference and the Onset of World War II. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974.
Barnhart, Michael A. Japan Prepares for Total War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987.
Iriye, Akira. The Origins of the Second World War in Asia and the Pacific. London, UK: Longman, 1987.
Jones, F. C. "The Military Domination of Japanese Policy, 1931-1945." In Soldiers and Governments. Edited by Michael Howard. London, UK: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1957, pp. 117-131.
Sadao, Asada "The Japanese Navy and the United States." In Pearl Harbor as History. Edited by Dorothy Borg and Shumpei Okamoto. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1973, pp. 225-259. ISBN: 9780231037341.
Gaddis, John Lewis. Russia, The Soviet Union and the United States: An Interpretive History. New York, NY: John Wiley, 1978, pp. 175-206. ISBN: 9780471289104.
———. The United States and the Origins of the Cold War 1941-1947. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1972.
———. "The Emerging Post-Revisionist Synthesis on the Origins of the Cold War." Diplomatic History 7, no. 3 (Summer 1983): 171-190.
Lowe, Peter. The Origins of the Korean War. New York, NY: Longmans, 1986.
Foot, Rosemary. The Wrong War: American Policy and the Dimensions of the Korean Conflict, 1950-1953. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985.
Whiting, Allen. China Crosses the Yalu: The Decision to Enter the Korean War. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1960.
Christensen, Thomas J. Useful Adversaries: Grand Strategy, Domestic Mobilization, and Sino-American Conflict, 1947-1958. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.
———. "Threats, Assurances, and the Last Chance for Peace." International Security 17, no. 1 (Summer 1992): 122-154.
Chen, Jian. China's Road to the Korean War: the Making of the Sino-American Confrontation. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1994.
———. "China's Changing Aims During the Korean War, 1950-1951." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 1, no. 1 (Spring 1992): 8-41.
Goncharov, Sergei N., John W. Lewis, and Xue Litai. Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao, and the Korean War. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1993.
Yufan, Hao, and Zhai Zhihai. "China's Decision to Enter the Korean War: History Revisited." China Quarterly 121 (March 1990): 94-115.
Spanier, John W. The Truman-MacArthur Controversy and the Korean War. New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 1965.
Schaller, Michael. Douglas MacArthur: The Far Eastern General. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1989.
Lichterman, Martin. "To the Yalu and Back." In American Civil-Military Relations: A Book of Case Studies. Edited by Harold Stein. Birmingham, AL: University of Alabama Press, for the Twentieth Century Fund, 1963, pp. 569-642.
Kaufmann, Burton I. The Korean War: Challenges in Crisis, Credibility, and Command. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1986.
Rees, David. Korea: The Limited War. Baltimore, MD: Penguin, 1970.
Paige, Glenn D. The Korean Decision, June 24-30 1950. New York, NY: Free Press, 1968.
Simmons, Robert R. The Strained Alliance. New York, NY: Free Press, 1975.
Baldwin, Frank, ed. Without Parallel: The American-Korean Relationship Since 1945. New York, NY: Pantheon, 1974.
Stueck, William W., Jr. Road to Confrontation: American Policy Toward China and Korea, 1947-1950. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1981.
Cumings, Bruce. The Origins of the Korean War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981.
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1950. Vol. 7: Korea. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976.
Nathan, James A., and James K. Oliver. United States Foreign Policy and World Order. 3rd ed. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1985, pp. 113-156. ISBN: 9780316598705.
Lo, Clarence Y. H. "Civilian Policy Makers and Military Objectives: A Case Study of the U.S. Offensive to Win the Korean War." American Journal of Political and Military Sociology 7, no. 2 (Fall 1979): 229-242.
Brodie, Bernard. War and Politics. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1973, pp. 57-112.
Halperin, Morton H. "The Korean War." In The Use of Force. 3rd ed. Edited by Art and Waltz. New York, NY: University Press of America, 1988, pp. 220-237. ISBN: 9780819170033.
Jervis, Robert. "The Impact of the Korean War on the Cold War." Journal of Conflict Resolution 24, no. 4 (Dec. 1980): 563-92.
McFarland, Keith D. The Korean War: An Annotated Bibliography. New York, NY: Garland, 1986.
Herring, George. America's Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950-1975. 4th ed. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 2002.
Kahin, George McT. Intervention: How America Became Involved in Vietnam. New York, NY: Knopf, 1986.
Short, Anthony. The Origins of the Vietnam War. New York, NY: Longman, 1989.
Kahin, George McT., and John W. Lewis. The United States in Vietnam. New York, NY: Dell, 1969.
Halberstam, David. The Best and the Brightest. Greenwich, CT: Fawcett, 1972.
Gelb, Leslie H., and Richard K. Betts. The Irony of Vietnam: The System Worked. Washington, DC: Brookings, 1979.
Berman, Larry. Planning a Tragedy: The Americanization of the War in Vietnam. New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 1982.
———. Lyndon Johnson's War: The Road to Stalemate in Vietnam. New York, NY: Norton, 1989.
The Pentagon Papers: The Defense Department History of United States Decision making on Vietnam. 4 vols. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1973. Also issued in an abridged edition by the New York Times: The New York Times, The Pentagon Papers. New York, NY: NY Times, 1971.
Kimball, Jeffrey P. To Reason Why: The Debate About the Causes of U.S. Involvement in the Vietnam War. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1990.
Ellsberg, Daniel. Papers on the War. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1972.
Shawcross, William. Sideshow: Kissinger, Nixon and the Destruction of Cambodia. New York, NY: Pocket Books, 1979.
Caputo, Philip. A Rumor of War. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehard & Winston, 1977. (Is a vivid personal account by an American soldier.)
Croix, G. E. M., de Ste. The Origins of the Peloponnesian War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1972.
Kagan, Donald. The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1969.
———. The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1981.
———. "The Peloponnesian War 431-404 B.C." Chapter 1 in On the Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace. New York, NY: Doubleday, 1994, pp. 14-79. ISBN: 9780385423748.
Errington, R. M. Dawn of Empire: Rome's Rise to World Power. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1972, pp. 3-79.
General on the Arab-Israeli conflict:
Morris, Benny. Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001. New York, NY: Vintage, 2001.
A fine history.
Shlaim, Avi. The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World. New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 2000.
Another fine history.
Bickerton, Ian J., and Carla L. Clausner. A Concise History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998.
Judicious and high-quality.
Tessler, Mark. A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1994.
Smith, Charles D. Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. New York, NY: St. Martin's, 1988.
Gerner, Deborah J. One Land, Two Peoples: The Conflict Over Palestine. 2nd ed. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1994.
Finkelstein, Norman G. Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict. London, UK: Verso, 1995.
A heated but also excellent assessment of some important historiographical controversies.
Rogan, Eugene L., and Avi Shlaim. The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Another excellent survey of important historiographical controversies.
Ovendale, Ritchie. The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Wars. London, UK: Longman, 1984.
Antonius, George. The Arab Awakening: the Story of the Arab National Movement. London, UK: H. Hamilton, 1938.
Laqueur, Walter. A History of Zionism. New York, NY: Schocken, 1978.
Sachar, Howard M. A History of Israel. New York, NY: Knopf, 1979.
Safran, Nadav. Israel, the Embattled Ally. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981.
Hirst, David. The Gun and the Olive Branch: the Roots of Violence in the Middle East. 2nd ed. London, UK: Faber and Faber, 1984.
Khouri, Fred J. The Arab-Israeli Dilemma. 3rd ed. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1985.
Harkabi, Yehoshafat. Arab Attitudes to Israel. Jerusalem, IL: Israel Universities Press, 1974.
———. Arab Strategies and Israel's Response. New York, NY: Free Press, 1977.
Laqueur, Walter, and Barry Rubin, eds. The Israel-Arab Reader: A Documentary History of the Middle East Conflict. 4th ed. New York, NY: Facts on File Publications, 1985.
On 1948:
Pappe, Ilan. The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947-1951. London, UK: St. Martin's, 1992.
Jon, and David Kimche. A Clash of Destinies: The Arab-Jewish War and the Founding of the State of Israel. New York, NY: Praeger, 1960.
Bell, J. Bowyer. The Long War: Israel and the Arabs Since 1946. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969.
Bar-Joseph, Uri. The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948. Totowa, NJ: Frank Cass, 1987.
On 1956:
Safran, Nadav. Israel, the Embattled Ally. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1978, pp. 224-39, 334-58. ISBN: 9780674468818.
Hirst, David. The Gun and the Olive Branch. London, UK: Faber and Faber, 1978, pp. 172-205. ISBN: 9780571111367.
Neff, Donald. Warriors at Suez: Eisenhower Takes American into the Middle East. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1981.
Oren, Michael. Origins of the Second Arab-Israeli War: Egypt, Israel, and the Great Powers, 1952-1956. London, UK: Frank Cass, 1992.
———. "Escalation to Suez: The Egypt-Israel Border War, 1949-56." In From War to War: Israel vs. the Arabs, 1948-1967. Edited by Ian Lustick. New York, NY: Garland, 1994.
Rokach, Livia. Israel's Sacred Terrorism: A Study Based on Moshe Sharett's Personal Diary and Other Documents. Belmont, MA: Association of Arab-American University Graduates, 1980.
Silberstein, Laurence J., ed. New Perspectives on Israeli History: the Early Years of the State. New York, NY: New York University Press, 1991.
Brecher, Michael. Decisions in Israel's Foreign Policy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1975, chapter 6, pp. 225-317. ISBN: 9780300016604.
Dayan, Moshe. Diary of the Sinai Campaign. Jerusalem, IL: Steimatzky's, 1966.
Nutting, Anthony. No End of a Lesson: the Story of Suez. New York, NY: C.M. Potter, 1967.
Love, Kennett. Suez: the Twice-Fought War. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1969.
Beaufre, Andre. The Suez Expedition. New York, NY: Praeger, 1969.
Hoopes, Townsend. The Devil and John Foster Dulles. 1st. ed. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1973, pp. 318-393. ISBN: 9780316372350.
On 1967:
Safran, Nadav. Israel, the Embattled Ally. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1978, pp. 240-56, 359-414. ISBN: 9780674468818.
Hirst, David. The Gun and the Olive Branch. London, UK: Faber and Faber, 1978, pp. 206-58. ISBN: 9780571111367.
Kimche, David, and Dan Bawley. The Sandstorm: The Arab-Israeli War of June 1967: Prelude and Aftermath. London, UK: Secker & Warburg, 1968.
Laqueur, Walter. The Road to War, 1967: the Origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. London, UK: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1968.
Neff, Donald. Warriors for Jerusalem: the Six Days that Changed the Middle East. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1984.
Parker, Richard B. The Politics of Miscalculation in the Middle East. Bloomington, IN: University of Indiana Press, 1993.
Oren, Michael. Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Sharabi, Hisham "Prelude to War." In The Arab-Israeli Confrontation of June 1967: An Arab Perspective. Edited by Ibrahim Abu-Lughod. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1970, pp. 49-65. ISBN: 9780810103030.
See also essays in this volume by Abu-Lughod (pp. 66-90) and Kamel S. Abu-Jaber (pp. 155-168).
Safran, Nadav. From War to War: The Arab-Israeli Confrontation, 1948-1967. New York, NY: Pegasus, 1969.
On 1969-70:
Bar-Siman-Tov, Yaacov. The Israeli-Egyptian War of Attrition. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1980.
On 1973:
Safran, Nadav. Israel, the Embattled Ally. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1978, pp. 278-316, 448-505. ISBN: 9780674468818.
Neff, Donald. Warriors Against Israel. Brattleboro, VT: Amana Books, 1988.
Heikal, Mohamed. The Road to Ramadan. New York, NY: Ballantine, 1976.
Sadat, Anwar. In Search of Identity: An Autobiography. New York, NY: Harper & Row, 1978.
Insight Team of the London Sunday Times. The Yom Kippur War. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1974.
The 1982 Lebanon War:
Schiff, Zeev, and Ehud Ya'ari. Israel's Lebanon War. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster, 1984.
Garthoff, Raymond. Reflections on the Cuban Missile Crisis. Revised ed. Washington, DC: Brookings, 1989.
Chang, Laurence, and Peter Kornbluh, eds. The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962: A National Security Archive Documents Reader. New York, NY: The New Press, 1992.
Trachtenberg, Marc. "The Influence of Nuclear Weapons in the Cuban Missile Crisis." International Security 10, no. 1 (Summer 1985): 137-163.
Trachtenberg, Marc, ed. "White House Tapes and Minutes of the Cuban Missile Crisis: ExComm Meetings October 1962." International Security 10, no. 1 (Summer 1985): 164-203.
Welch, David A., and James G. Blight. "An Introduction to the ExComm Transcripts." International Security 12, no. 3 (Winter 1987/88): 5-29.
Bundy, McGeorge, transcriber, and James G. Blight, ed. "October 27, 1962: Transcripts of the Meetings of the ExComm." International Security 12, no. 3 (Winter 1987/88): 30-92.
Abel, Elie. The Missile Crisis. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1968.
Allison, Graham. Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1971.
———. "Conceptual Models of the Cuban Missile Crisis." In American Foreign Policy: Theoretical Essays. Edited by G. John Ikenberry. New York, NY: Harper & Collins, 1989, pp. 332-378. ISBN: 0673398153.
Albert, and Roberta Wohlstetter. "Controlling the Risks in Cuba." In The Use of Force. 3rd. ed. Edited by Art and Waltz. New York, NY: University Press of America, 1988, pp. 238-273. ISBN: 9780819170033.
Divine, Robert A., ed. The Cuban Missile Crisis. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Markus Wiener, 1988.
Pollack, Kenneth M. The Threatening Storm: The Case for Invading Iraq. New York, NY: Random House, 2002, pp. 11-54. ISBN: 9780375509285.
George, Alexander L., ed. "Epilogue: The Persian Gulf Crisis, 1990-1991." In Avoiding War: Problems of Crisis Management. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1991, pp. 567-576. ISBN: 9780813312330.
Cigar, Norman. "Iraq's Strategic Mindset and the Gulf War: Blueprint for Defeat." Journal of Strategic Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1992): 1-29.
Karsh, Efraim. "Reflections on the 1990-91 Gulf Conflict." Journal of Strategic Studies 19, no. 3 (September 1996): 303-320.
Woodward, Bob. The Commanders. New York, NY: Pocket Books, 1992.
Trainor, Bernard. The Generals' War: The Inside Story of the Conflict in the Gulf. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1995.
Atkison, Rick. Crusade. New York, NY: Random House, 1993.
Benjamin, Daniel, and Steven Simon. The Age of Sacred Terror. New York, NY: Random House, 2002.
Falkenrath, Richard A., Robert D. Newman, and Bradley A. Thayer. America's Achilles Heel: Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Terrorism and Covert Attack. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998. ISBN: 9780262561181.
Anonymous. Through Our Enemies' Eyes: Osama Bin Laden, Radical Islam, and the Future of America. Washington, DC: Brassey's, 2002.
Bergen, Peter L. Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama Bin Laden. New York, NY: Touchstone, 2002.
Talbott, Strobe, and Nayan Chanda, eds. The Age of Terror: America and the World After September 11. New York, NY: Basic Books, 2001.
Hoge, James F., and Gideon Rose, ed. How Did This Happen? Terrorism and the New War. New York, NY: Public Affairs Press, 2001.
Campbell, Kurt M., and Michèle A. Flournoy, principal authors. To Prevail: An American Strategy for the Campaign Against Terrorism. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2001.
Pillar, Paul R. Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy. Washington, DC: Brookings, 2001.
Gunaratna, Rohan. Inside Al Qaeda: Global Network of Terror. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2002.
Ruthven, Malise. A Fury for God: The Islamist Attack on America. London, UK: Granta, 2002.
Alexander, Yonah, and Michael S. Swetman. Usama bin Laden's al-Qaida: Profile of a Terrorist Network. Ardsley, NY: Transnational, 2001.
Cordesman, Anthony H. Terrorism, Asymmetric Warfare, and Weapons of Mass Destruction. New York, NY: Praeger, 2001.
Rose, Gideon. "Review Essay: It Could Happen Here: Facing the New Terrorism." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 2 (March/April 1999): 131-137.
Judah, Tim. "Kosovo's Road to War." Survival 41, no. 2 (Summer 1999): 5-18.
Shearer, David. "Africa's Great War." Survival 41, no. 2 (Summer 1999): 89-106.
Fukuyama, Frank. "The End of History?" In Taking Sides. 4th ed. Edited by John T. Rourke. Guilford, CT: Dushkin, 1992, pp. 268-286.
Fukuyama forecasts that the spread of democratic ideas will spread peace worldwide over the next several centuries, ending forever the cycle of wars that have plagued human history.
Huntington, Samuel P. "No Exit: The Errors of Endism." In Taking Sides. 4th ed. Edited by John T. Rourke. Guilford, CT: Dushkin, 1992, pp. 287-295.
Huntington's pessimistic reply to Fukuyama.
Stedman, Stephen John. "Alchemy for a New World Order: Overselling 'Preventive Diplomacy'." Foreign Affairs 74, no. 3 (May/June 1995): 14-20.
Should peace be an American project? Are we up to it? Here argued: the U.S. should not attempt preventive diplomacy.
Lund, Michael. "Underrating 'Preventive Diplomacy'." Foreign Affairs 74, no. 4 (July/August 1995): 160-163.
Stedman is wrong, preventive diplomacy works.